Caseous lymphadenitis cla is a bacterial disease affecting sheep and goats worldwide causing the formation of abscesses. The cfsph factsheets are periodically updated and the most recent versions can. Ganjam virusnairobi sheep disease virus induces a pro. The main contributing factors were transport, wet kraals and dust. Nairobi sheep disease virus nsdv of the genus nairovirus causes a haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in sheep and goats with mortality up to 90%. Nairobi sheep disease nsd was first observed as acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis near nairobi, kenya in 1910. The nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus nsdv, also known as ganjam virus is a species in the genus orthonairovirus belonging to the nairobi sheep. Satisfactorily treated by dipping infected sheep in coal tar dips or emulsions of crudepetroleum. Nairobi sheep disease the center for food security and public. The concept of diseases and health care in african. For instance, incidence of the banana weevil was 32% in the lower zone while it was 21 and 16% in the middle and upper zones, respectively. Brief on sheep and goats in kenya 7 brief on sheep and goats in kenya f k kamau assistant director, head of the sheep and goat branch, ministry of agriculture and livestock development, nairobi, kenya introduction the livestock industry, which is an integral part of the agricultural sector, plays a major role in the economic development of kenya.
Although 5in1s offer some clostridial protection, covexin 10 is the only comprehensive clostridial vaccine that offers cover against 10 deadly clostridial diseases, including sudden death, pulpy kidney, blackleg, malignant oedema, red water, enteritis, tetanus, black disease and lamb dysentery. Lumpy skin disease occurred north of pretoria and in a feedlot in cookhouse. Participatory disease surveillance uses a participatory technique for the collection of qualitative epidemiological information within the community observations and existing veterinary knowledge. It has been reported in africa, including south africa. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. Nairobi sheep disease virus nsdv is a tickborne virus which causes a severe disease in sheep and goats, and has been responsible for several outbreaks of disease in east africa. This information helps to assure trading partners that we are free of diseases. Pdf common diseases of sheep and goats in birnin kebbi. It was not until 1917 that the causative agent was identified as a virus that infected both sheep and goats. World animal health publication and handistatus ii dataset for 2004. The virus is also found in the indian subcontinent, where it. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 803k, or click on a. While this document is an output from project r8151 funded by the animal health programme of the uk department for international development dfid for the benefit of developing countries, the views expressed are not necessarily those of dfid.
Mature weights are 25 40 kg for ewes and 35 50 kg for rams. The nairobi sheep disease nsd virus is transmitted by the tick species rhipicephalus appendiculatus and causes severe losses in sheep in east africa. Pdf nairobi sheep disease virus rna in ixodid ticks. The west african dwarf sheep is widely distributed in the southern nigeria, the breed is small compact hardy breed with a wide range of coatcolour which may be all white, black or brown or spotted black or brown on a white coat. Nairobi sheep disease virusganjam virus researchgate. Cases are regularly seen in feedlots, but the source of where cattle originated from is seldom established. Nairobi sheep disease nsd virus is the prototype of the tickborne nsd serogroup, genus nairovirus, family bunyaviridae. Diseases of sheep and goats as diagnosed at the government animal hospital birnin kebbi was investigated between february, 2009 and january, 2010. To maintain this enviable biosecurity status, the department of primary industries and regional development ensures significant livestock disease is investigated. It is caused by a virus transmitted by ticks from infected animal to infected animal. It is more significant where more intensive husbandry is used. The laboratory methods available for the isolation and identification of nairobi sheep disease virus have been compared.
Overview of nairobi sheep disease merck veterinary manual. Notes on diseases of swine, sheep, poultry and the. East ajiican virus research institute, entebbe, ugallda animal health research centre, entebbe, l. Economic study explains sheep disease treatment choices. Antibodies to the core proteins of nairobi sheep disease virus. Nairobi disease definition of nairobi disease by merriam. Ganv belongs to the genus nairovirus of the family bunyaviridae and is closely associated antigenically with nairobi sheep disease virus nsdv, the most pathogenic virus known to sheep and goats in africa 2. Orthonairovirus is a genus in the family nairoviridae of the order bunyavirales that include viruses with circular, negativesense single stranded rna. Nairobi sheep disease virus and ganjam virus are transmitted by tick bites. Coastal zone march 2011 table of contents1 section title page project summary 5 a project overview 5 b needs assessment 5 c resultbased logical framework 7. The disease was characterized by the sudden onset of pyrexia with prostration, followed by a profuse foetid diarrhoea. Nairobi disease definition is a severe and frequently fatal gastroenteritis of sheep or sometimes goats that occurs in parts of kenya and is considered due to a virus transmitted by the bite of the brown tick. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in.
Nairobi sheep disease nsd is a tickborne viral disease of sheep and goats characterized by fever and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, abortion, and high mortality. Nairobi disease article about nairobi disease by the. The physical environment profoundly shapes disease. The disease is mild in calves but severe in adult cattle. Nairobi sheep disease is a one of the most pathogenic diseases of small. Although instances are rare, humans can catch the disease. The authors are very grateful to the immeasurable efforts of many scientists who have devoted much of their time in documenting the management systems and diseases of small ruminants with particular reference to those occurring in the subsaharan region. The causative virus is passed transovarially by the female tick to the larvae, where it can survive for over 3 months. Other includes diagnoses of parainfluenza virus type 3, mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and lung abscesses, as well as occasional diagnoses such as mycotic pneumonia and histophilus somni pneumonia.
In susceptible animals, this tickborne viral infection results in a hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with very high morbidity and mortality rates. It got its name from the nairobi sheep disease that affects the gastrointestinal tracts of sheep and goats. Diseases of sheep and goats found in zimbabwe fivet. However, in cattlerearing communities with the rhodesiense form of the disease, cattle are often the major disease reservoir and need to be treated. It is usually seen in sheep and goats that are four 4 years or older. Diseases of importance at the wildlifelivestock interface in kenya1 elizabeth wambwa, kenya wildlife service, nairobi, kenya introduction wildlife and livestock contribute significantly to the economies of most subsaharan african countries. Sop manual 2 nairobi sheep disease etiology and ecology 1. Nairobi disease an acute, infectious viral disease of sheep and goats, characterized by fever and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. In order to avoid any form of prejudice, the phenomenological method for the study of religions was used.
The distribution and prevalence of nairobi sheep disease and other. Main themes briefly stated, the main themes of this curriculum are. June 2016 or importance nairobi sheep disease is a one of the most pathogenic diseases of small ruminants. The laboratory diagnosis of nairobi sheep disease springerlink. The vast majority, and perhaps all viruses in this genus are tickborne viruses that can have human or other vertebrate hosts. Nairobi disease occurs in kenya, in uganda, in some regions of the republic of south africa, and elsewhere. Participatory disease surveillance pds of sheep and.
Anaplasmosis is an important disease in many species. All relevant data are within the paper and its supporting information files. Paratuberculosis is seen worldwide and the first case of bovine paratuberculosis in south africa was diagnosed in 1923, followed by a single ovine case in 1967. The detection frequencies of the banana weevil, thrips and nematodes were significantly affected by the banana production zone. Diseases of importance at the wildlifelivestock interface. A male psoroptes ovis, the parasitic mite that causes sheep scab press release issued. Ganjam virus, a variant of nsdv, is found in india and sri lanka. Nairobi sheep disease medical definition merriamwebster.
Nsd has a high mortality rate in susceptible sheep and goats. Theera rukkwamsuk department of large animal and wildlife clinical science faculty of veterinary medicine kasetsart university, kampangsaen, nakhonpathom 73140. Research from the university of bristol has developed new insights into how farmers treat their sheep for disease. Nairobi sheep disease how is nairobi sheep disease. It is highly pathogenic for sheep and goats, causes disease in humans, and is widespread throughout east africa. Nairobi sheep disease virus rna in ixodid ticks, china, 20. This revised and updated version of outline of clinical diagnosis in sheep now covers the whole field of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases and poor production of sheep. Ganjam virus has caused disease in goats and humans in india. Nsdv has a limited effect on animals bred in areas to which the virus is endemic. Nairobi sheep disease was seen principally upon movement of susceptible animals. Nairobi sheep disease is a viral disease of sheep and goats that causes hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with very high morbidity and mortality.
Livestock disease trends as informally reported by vets. Shearing the sheep has a good effect, butcare must be exercised as the ticks then rapidly migrateto the lambs. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 2. Until recently, the causative viruses were only known to. The disease was first identified near nairobi, kenya, in 1910, and nsd virus was shown to be the causative agent in 1917. Nairobi sheep disease virus nsdv is a tickborne virus which causes a severe disease in sheep and goats, and has been responsible for several outbreaks of. An investigation of the tickborne diseases of sheep and goats in the northern regions of the somali democratic republic during the years 197072 rev.
Average annual diagnoses of respiratory disease in sheep in england and wales, from 2002 to 2005, based on vida data. The environment is more than just the natural environment. Progressive pneumonia maedivisna this is a chronic progressive viral disease of sheep and goats. It is aimed at the nonspecialist veterinarian and fills a niche between the large, comprehensive books on sheep and the shorter texts aimed at farmers. Nairobi sheep disease virus, an important tickborne. This disease factsheet on nairobi sheep disease covers the importance of the disease, aetiology, geographical distribution, species affected, transmission, incubation period, clinical signs, postmortem lesions, diagnosis, morbidity, mortality, and disease control. To file a complaint of discrimination, write usda, director, office of civil rights, room. Animal diseases carried by ticks worldwide helpers. Western australias freedom from many pests and diseases allows our livestock producers access to a wide range of international and domestic markets. Northshore school district bothell, washington nsd. Farmers who dont treat their sheep to avoid infection are often. Participatory disease surveillance wasconductedto assess and prioritize the majordiseases of sheep and goat in selected districts of afar regional statefrom july to september 2012 andspecifically to. Exploring disease in africa introduction 6 i hope you find this curriculum useful as you expose your students to new ways of thinking about disease in africa. First identified in nairobi, kenya, in 1910, it is considered endemic in east africa 1,3.